BEE Paper-1 — Chapter 4: Energy Management & Audit

1. Which of the following data is not used for calculating Plant Energy Performance?

1. Reference year energy use
2. Production factor
3. Current year energy use
4. Maximum electrical demand

2. Non-contact flow measurement can be carried out by ____.

1. Orifice meter
2. Turbine flow meter
3. Ultrasonic flow meter
4. Magnetic flow meter

3. Which of the following means 'continuous improvement'?

1. Seiton
2. Kaizen
3. Seiso
4. Kanban

4. Contact type speed measurement can be carried out by ____.

1. Tachometer
2. Stroboscope
3. Oscilloscope
4. Odometer

5. Which one is not an energy consumption benchmark parameter?

1. kcal/kWh of electricity generated
2. kg/deg C
3. kWh/kg of fertilizer
4. kWh/kg of yarn

6. Infrared thermometer is commonly used to measure:

1. Surface temperature
2. Flue gas temperature
3. Steam Temperature
4. Hot water temperature

7. The objective of energy management includes

1. minimising energy costs
2. minimising waste
3. mitigating environmental degradation caused by energy
4. all the above

8. The instrument used to measure CO2 from boiler stack is

1. infrared thermometer
2. fyrite
3. anemometer
4. pitot tube

9. Replacement of steam based hot water generation by solar water heating system is an example of

1. matching energy usage to the requirement
2. maximising system efficiency
3. energy substitution
4. performance improvement

10. Which among the following statements is not applicable in the case of Sankey diagram?

1. useful tool to represent entire input and output energy flow
2. represents visually, various outputs and losses
3. depicts rejection and wastage of material flow
4. helps energy managers to focus on finding improvements in a prioritized manner

11. A non-contact method to measure the water flow through a metallic pipe is

1. orifice meter
2. turbine flow meter
3. ultrasonic flow meter
4. none of the above

12. To identify the energy conservation opportunity in a plant, the best option is to carry out:

1. energy audit
2. training and awareness programme
3. seminars and workshops
4. analysis of the plant energy bills

13. Air velocity in ducts can be measured by using ___

1. pyrometer
2. bourdon gauge
3. pitot tube and manometer
4. anemometer

14. For calculating plant energy performance which of the following data is not required

1. current year's production
2. reference year's production
3. reference year energy use
4. capacity utilization

15. Non contact speed measurements can be carried out by

1. odometer
2. tachometer
3. stroboscope
4. oscilloscope

16. The statement not applicable in the case of Sankey diagram

1. useful tool to represent an entire input and output energy flow
2. represents visually various outputs and losses
3. depicts rejection and wastage of material flow
4. helps energy manager to focus on finding improvements in a prioritized manner

17. The first vital step in an energy management program is

1. measurement
2. setting goals
3. energy audit
4. top management commitment

18. The four pillars of successful energy management are technical ability, monitoring system, top management support and ______

1. strategy plan
2. energy audit plan
3. quality plan
4. financial plan

19. Stroboscope is an instrument for measuring

1. steam flow
2. composition of flue gas
3. speed
4. pressure

20. The benchmarking parameter for a vapour compression refrigeration system is

1. kW / kg of refrigerant used
2. kcal / m3 of chilled water
3. BTU / Ton of Refrigeration
4. kW / Ton of Refrigeration

21. Definition of Energy Audit as per EC Act does not include:

1. Creation of an Energy Management System (EnMS)
2. evaluation of Techno-economics
3. Verification, monitoring and analysis of energy use
4. Action plan required for energy saving

22. The ISO standard for Energy Management System is

1. ISO 14001
2. ISO 50001
3. ISO 9001
4. ISO 18001

23. RPM of an electric motor is measured using ___.

1. Ultrasonic meter
2. Stroboscope
3. Lux meter
4. Rotameter

24. The production factor is defined as the ratio of

1. current year production to the reference year production
2. current year production to the reference month production
3. reference month production to the current month production
4. reference year production to the current year production

25. A sling psychrometer is used to measure :

1. only dry bulb temperature
2. only wet bulb temperature
3. both a & b
4. relative humidity

26. Which among the following factor(s) is most appropriate for adopting EnMS?

1. To improve their energy efficiency
2. To reduce costs
3. To increase productivity
4. Systematically manage their energy use

27. A sling psychrometer is capable of measuring

1. only dry bulb temperature
2. only wet bulb temperature
3. both dry and wet bulb temperature
4. absolute humidity

28. Doppler effect principle is used in the following instrument

1. lux meter
2. ultrasonic flow meter
3. infrared thermometer
4. flue gas analyzer

29. Liquid fuel density is measured by an instrument called

1. Tachometer
2. hygrometer
3. anemometer
4. none of the above

30. ISO 50001:2011 provides a framework of requirements for organizations to:

1. Develop a policy for more efficient use of energy
2. Measure the results
3. Fix targets and objectives to meet the policy
4. all of the above

31. Transit time method is used in which of the instrument?

1. Lux Meter
2. Ultrasonic Flow Meter
3. Pitot Tube
4. Fyrite

32. The energy benchmarking parameter for air conditioning equipment is

1. kW/Ton of Refrigeration
2. kW/ kg of refrigerant handled
3. kW/m3 of chilled water
4. kW/EER

33. CO2 measurement in a Fyrite kit is based on

1. Weight basis (dry)
2. Volume basis (dry)
3. Weight basis (wet)
4. Volume basis (wet)

34. Air velocity in the ducts can be measured by using ___________ and manometer

1. orifice meter
2. Bourden gauge
3. Pitot tube
4. anemometer

35. Speed measurement (RPM) of an electric motor is measured with a

1. stroboscope
2. ultrasonic meter
3. lux meter
4. rotameter

36. 'The judicious and effective use of energy to maximise profits and enhance competitive positions'. This can be the definition of:

1. energy conservation
2. energy management
3. energy policy
4. energy Audit

37. Role of energy manager is

1. energy auditor and in charge of the finance department of the plant
2. intermediate player between top management, energy and cost centres of the plant
3. in charge of the captive power plant and mediator between plant and electricity boards
4. as well as called production manager and project manager

38. The ratio of current year's production to the reference year's production is

1. demand factor
2. production factor
3. utilisation factor
4. load factor

39. One unit of electricity is equivalent to ___ kcal heat units.

1. 800
2. 860
3. 400
4. 680

40. The benchmarking parameter for air conditioning equipment is

1. kW/Ton of refrigeration
2. kW/kg of refrigerant handled
3. kcal/m^3 of chilled water
4. differential temperature across chiller

41. Which instrument is used to monitor O2, CO in flue gas?

1. combustion analyzer
2. power analyzer
3. pyrometer
4. fyrite

42. Which one of the following is not considered for external benchmarking:

1. scale of operation
2. vintage of technology
3. energy price
4. quality of raw material and products

43. Transit time method is used in which of the instruments

1. lux meter
2. ultrasonic flow meter
3. Pitot tube
4. fyrite

44. Large scattering on production versus energy consumption trend line indicates ____.

1. Poor process monitoring
2. Good level of control
3. Poor level of control
4. None of the above

45. Which of the following is the duty of an Energy Manager?

1. Establish energy conservation cell
2. Analyze equipment performance
3. Develop and manage training programmes on energy efficiency
4. All of the above

46. "Paper industry in Ghaziabad got its boiler audited and report generated", This statement refers to ____.

1. Preliminary energy audit
2. Detailed energy audit
3. Targeted energy audit
4. None of the above

47. The objective of energy management includes ____.

1. Minimizing energy costs
2. Minimizing waste
3. Minimizing environmental degradation
4. All of the above

48. Non-contact speed measurement can be carried out by ____.

1. Tachometer
2. Stroboscope
3. Oscilloscope
4. Speedometer

49. A list of instruments and what they measure are given below. Which is the incorrect among this list?

1. Gas analyzer - CO
2. Lux Meter - Lumens
3. Manometer- Pressure
4. Tachometer - Speed

50. The ISO Series pertaining to the Energy Management System is ____.

1. ISO 9001
2. ISO 14001
3. ISO 27000
4. ISO 50001

51. In Total Productive Maintenance (TPM), which of the following is not one of the six big losses that lower equipment efficiency?

1. Breakdowns
2. Idling and minor stoppages
3. Reduced speed
4. Excessive overtime hours

52. Sankey diagrams help energy managers by:

1. Prioritizing improvements based on visualized energy losses
2. Reducing the need for energy audits
3. Replacing thermodynamic calculations
4. Eliminating the use of performance indicators

53. Which instrument measures power factor directly?

1. Ammeter
2. Wattmeter
3. Lux meter
4. Power analyzer

54. Which of the following is a typical step in an energy audit?

1. Data collection
2. Analysis
3. Reporting
4. All of the above

55. Which tool is commonly used for measuring power factor?

1. Thermometer
2. Hygrometer
3. Anemometer
4. None of the above

56. For calculating plant energy performance which of the following data is not required?

1. Current year production
2. Capacity Utilization
3. Reference year production
4. Reference year Energy use

57. Which among the following factors is most appropriate for adopting EnMS?

1. To improve their energy efficiency
2. To reduce cost
3. To increase productivity
4. Systematically manage their energy use

58. Which instrument is used for NON-CONTACT measurement of the speed (RPM) of a rotating machine?

1. Tachometer
2. Stroboscope
3. Pitot tube
4. Lux meter

59. A Fyrite is used to measure:

1. Velocity of gas in a duct
2. Illumination level in lux
3. O₂ or CO₂ content in flue gas
4. Liquid flow rate

60. The transit-time method for measuring flow of clean liquids is used by which instrument?

1. Pitot tube
2. Ultrasonic flow meter
3. Tong tester
4. Fyrite

61. A pitot tube with a manometer is used to measure:

1. Surface temperature
2. Velocity / pressure of gas in ducts
3. Power factor of a motor
4. Humidity of air

62. Energy management is best defined as:

1. The complete elimination of all energy use
2. The judicious and effective use of energy to maximise profits and enhance competitive position
3. Switching entirely to renewable energy
4. Auditing energy bills only

63. A quick energy audit that uses existing/easily-obtained data to set a baseline and find low-cost savings is called a:

1. Detailed (comprehensive) audit
2. Targeted audit
3. Preliminary (walk-through) audit
4. Statutory audit

64. Which of the following is NOT a factor considered in EXTERNAL benchmarking?

1. Scale of operation
2. Vintage of technology
3. Energy price
4. Raw material specification & quality

65. The Production Factor used in plant energy performance is defined as:

1. Reference year production / Current year production
2. Current year production / Reference year production
3. Current year energy / Reference year energy
4. Reference year energy × Current year production

66. The standard benchmark parameter (specific energy consumption) for an air-conditioning plant is:

1. kWh/MT
2. kcal/kWh
3. kW/TR (kW per ton of refrigeration)
4. kWh/Nm³

67. Under the BEE (Manner and Intervals of Energy Audit) Regulations 2008, the first energy audit must be carried out within:

1. 6 months of notification
2. 12 months of notification
3. 18 months of notification
4. 36 months of notification

68. As defined in the Energy Conservation Act 2001, an 'Energy Audit' means the verification, monitoring and analysis of use of energy, including submission of a technical report containing:

1. Only a record of the electricity bills of the previous year
2. Recommendations for improving energy efficiency with cost-benefit analysis and an action plan to reduce energy consumption
3. A list of all employees trained in energy conservation
4. The plant's safety and environmental clearance certificates

69. In any industry the three top operating costs are usually energy, labour and materials. Which of these has the HIGHEST potential for cost reduction?

1. Labour
2. Materials
3. Energy
4. All three have equal potential

70. Portable combustion analyzers may have in-built chemical cells for measurement of stack gas components. Which combination of chemical cells for measurement of stack gas components is not possible?

1. CO, SOx, O2
2. CO2, O2
3. O2, NOr, SOx, CO
4. O2, CO

71. Which of the following terms does not refer to specific energy consumption

1. kWh/ton
2. kCal/ton
3. kJ/kg
4. kg/kCal

72. Transit time method is used in which of the instrument

1. lux meter
2. ultrasonic flow meter
3. pitot tube
4. fyrite

73. The monthly electricity bill for a plant is Rs. 100 lakhs which accounts for 45% of the total monthly energy bill. How much is the plant's monthly energy bill

1. Rs 222.22 lakhs
2. Rs 45 lakhs
3. Rs 138 lakhs
4. None of above

74. The indicator of energy performance in a thermal power plant is

1. heat rate (kCal/kWh)
2. % aux. power consumption
3. specific coal consumption
4. all the above

75. A sling psychrometer is used to measure:

1. only dry bulb temperature
2. only wet bulb temperature
3. both a & b
4. relative humidity

76. Which one is not an energy consumption benchmark parameter?

1. kcal/kWh of electricity generated
2. kg/ oC.
3. kW/ton of refrigeration
4. kWh/kg of yarn

77. The benchmarking parameter for a vapour compression refrigeration system is

1. kW / kg of refrigerant used
2. kcal / m3 of chilled water
3. BTU / TR
4. kW / TR

78. Non-contact flow measurement can be carried out by

1. Orifice meter
2. Turbine flow meter
3. Ultrasonic flow meter
4. Magnetic flow meter

79. Contact type speed measurement can be carried out by

1. Tachometer
2. Stroboscope
3. Oscilloscope
4. Odometer

80. Which one is not an energy consumption benchmark parameter?

1. kcal/kWh of electricity generated
2. kg/deg. C
3. kW/ton of refrigeration
4. kWh/kg of yarn

81. Non-contact speed measurements can be carried out by

1. Tachometer
2. Stroboscope
3. Oscilloscope
4. Speedometer

82. Air velocity in the ducts can be measured by using ____ and manometer

1. Orifice meter
2. Bourden gauge
3. Pitot tube
4. Anemometer

83. A list of instruments and what they measure are given below. Which is the incorrect among this list?

1. Gas analyzer - CO
2. Lux Meter - Lumens
3. Manometer - Pressure
4. Tachometer - Speed

84. 'Paper industry in Ghaziabad got its boiler audited and report generated'. This statement refers to

1. Preliminary energy audit
2. Detailed energy audit
3. Targeted energy audit
4. None of the above

85. The objective of energy management includes

1. Minimizing energy costs
2. Minimizing waste
3. Minimizing environmental degradation
4. All of the above

86. For calculating plant energy performance which of the following data is not required

1. Current year production
2. Capacity Utilization
3. Reference year production
4. Reference year Energy use

1. Define energy management and state its fundamental goal.

2. State the objectives of energy management.

3. State the definition of energy audit as per the EC Act 2001.

4. Why is an energy audit needed? Which of the top operating costs has the highest potential for cost reduction?

5. Name the three types of energy audit and briefly describe each.

6. Explain what is meant by a targeted energy audit.

7. Explain the major differences between a preliminary energy audit and a detailed energy audit.

8. What is the scope of a preliminary energy audit?

9. Give examples of no-cost and low-cost energy management measures.

10. What is the energy balance in a detailed energy audit, and on what is it based?

11. Name the three phases in which a detailed energy audit is carried out and the broad activities of each.

12. List the ten-step methodology for conducting a detailed energy audit.

13. What are the areas that need to be focused during the pre-audit phase?

14. List the standard questions an energy auditor typically asks about each system during the initial site visit.

15. What information is collected during the detailed energy audit phase?

16. What baseline data should the energy audit team ensure is collected?

17. What is the purpose of preparing a process flow diagram in an energy audit?

18. In which broad areas are energy conservation (ENCON) opportunities identified during an audit?

19. What issues are addressed under technical feasibility and economic viability when evaluating ENCON measures?

20. State the formulae for net savings per year and simple payback period used in the economic feasibility worksheet.

21. How are potential energy-saving (ENCON) measures classified, and which receive priority?

22. On what three feasibility dimensions are energy projects prioritised (A–D) in the project priority guideline?

23. How should an energy audit report be structured, and how should the executive summary be written?

24. Describe the A, B and C priority categories used for implementing energy-saving measures.

25. What is done in the post-audit phase regarding the energy action plan and monitoring?

26. For what purposes can energy invoices be used in understanding energy costs?

27. What factors are involved in deciding the final cost of purchased electricity?

28. What factors should be considered while procuring fuels for energy efficiency and economics?

29. What is meant by energy benchmarking and how is it helpful?

30. What two features should a benchmarking metric have, and what is the most common metric?

31. Describe the three approaches to energy benchmarking.

32. List the comparative factors that must be carefully examined while doing external benchmarking. Which common factor is NOT one of them?

33. Summarise the steps in energy conservation benchmarking.

34. Give examples of gross-production-related and equipment/utility-related benchmark (Specific Energy Consumption) parameters.

35. What is Plant Energy Performance (PEP) and what does PEP monitoring compare?

36. Define (i) Production Factor, (ii) Reference Year Equivalent, and (iii) Plant Energy Performance, with formulae.

37. Reference year (2009) energy use = 12 million kcal, production factor for 2010 = 0.9, current year energy = 11 million kcal. Calculate the Plant Energy Performance (PEP) for 2010 and state your inference.

38. Why is PEP considered the starting point for evaluating energy performance, and how often can it be reported?

39. What do you understand by matching energy use to requirements? Give three examples.

40. Give examples of measures for maximizing system efficiencies.

41. What measures help in optimizing the input energy requirements?

42. What is fuel substitution? Give examples of fuel substitution and of energy substitution.

43. What are the key performance parameters (electrical and non-electrical) measured in an energy audit?

44. What parameters are measured with the following instruments? (a) Pitot tube (b) Stroboscope (c) Fyrite (d) Lux meter (e) Power analyser.

45. Write the parameters measured by the following instruments: (a) Stroboscope (b) Sling Psychrometer (c) Fyrite (d) Tachometer (e) Pitot tube.

46. Name the instrument used to measure each of the following in an energy audit: (a) O₂, CO, CO₂ and temperature in flue gas; (b) Illumination levels; (c) Non-contact speed measurement; (d) kW, kWh, kVAr, kVA and power factor; (e) Non-contact surface temperature.

47. Match the following instruments with the parameter/principle: A. Fyrite, B. Combustion gas analyser, C. Psychrometer, D. Stroboscope, E. Ultrasonic flowmeter — with — 1. CO₂, 2. CO, 3. Wet-bulb temperature, 4. Speed, 5. Transit time.

48. What parameters are measured with the following instruments? (a) Pitot tube (b) Stroboscope (c) Fyrite (d) Psychrometer (e) Anemometer.

49. Write a short note on the psychrometer.

50. Write a short note on the non-contact infrared (IR) thermometer.

51. Write a short note on the stroboscope.

52. Write a short note on the pitot tube (with manometer).

53. Explain how the Fyrite works and what it measures.

54. What does a combustion gas analyzer measure, and how does it differ from a fuel efficiency monitor?

55. What do electrical measuring instruments (power analysers/clamp meters) measure, and what safety precautions apply?

56. How does an ultrasonic flow meter work, and what is the difference between its transit-time and Doppler types?

57. What does a contact thermometer measure and how?

58. What is thermography and what is it used for in energy audits?

59. Explain the working of a lux meter and a smart energy meter.

60. As per the BEE (manner and intervals of energy audit) Regulations 2008, what are the intervals for conducting an energy audit by a designated consumer?

61. Outline the manner (steps) of conducting an energy audit as per the BEE Regulations 2008.

62. What certification must the accredited energy auditor provide in the energy audit report under the 2008 Regulations?

63. (a) Name three factors influencing external energy benchmarking. (b) List two energy benchmarking parameters.

64. The phrase "the judicious and effective use of energy to maximise profits and enhance competitive positions" defines which term, and what does its objective include?

65. What is the role of the energy manager?

66. One unit (kWh) of electricity is equivalent to how many kcal of heat?

67. What is a Sankey diagram and how is it used in energy management?

68. What is an Energy Management System (EnMS) and on what cycle does it operate?

69. Differentiate between internal and external energy benchmarking.

70. (a) State the parameters measured by: Stroboscope, Sling Psychrometer, Fyrite, Pitot Tube. (b) An electric resistive heater consumes 3.6 MJ in one hour on a 200 V supply. Find its rating and the current drawn.

71. A centrifugal pump (30 kW motor) runs 16 h/day, 300 days/yr at 65% loading and 88% efficiency with no flow control. A VFD retrofit (cost ₹1,50,000) is expected to cut energy by 10%; power cost ₹7.0/kWh. Find (a) current annual energy, (b) annual saving, (c) annual cost saving, (d) simple payback.

72. A paper plant's daily energy: 50,000 kWh total (20,000 kWh own back-pressure cogeneration, rest from grid), 100 t imported coal (GCV 6900 kcal/kg) for cogeneration, and 2 kL HSD (49574.08 kJ/kg; density 0.8263 kg/L) for material handling. (a) Daily % share of energy sources in MTOE. (b) Annual MTOE. (c) Does it qualify as a designated consumer?

73. Calculate the production factor and plant energy performance and comment. Reference year: energy 10 million kcal, production 90,000 MT. Current year: energy 8 million kcal, production 70,000 MT.

74. List any five clip-on / portable instruments used in energy auditing.

75. Briefly explain the differences between preliminary and detailed energy audit.

76. Write down the parameters, which can be measured by the following instruments: a) Stroboscope b) Sling Psychrometer c) Fyrite d) Tachometer e) Pitot tube

77. A 100 tonnes per day capacity chlor-alkali plant produced 30,000 tonnes per annum (TPA) of caustic soda with annual energy consumption of 90 million kWh in the reference year 2009-10. During the year 2011-12, the annual production was 25,000 TPA, with an annual energy consumption of 80 million kWh. Calculate the Plant Energy Performance.

78. A 100 tonnes per day capacity chlor-alkali plant produced 30,000 tonnes per annum (TPA) of caustic soda with annual energy consumption of 90 million kWh in the reference year 2009-10. During the year 2011-12, the annual production was 25,000 TPA, with an annual energy consumption of 75 million kWh. Calculate the Plant Energy Performance.

79. What parameters are measured with the following instruments? a) Pitot tube b) Stroboscope c) Fyrite d) Psychrometer e) Anemometer

80. A manufacturing industry plans to improve its energy performance under PAT through implementation of an energy conservation scheme. After implementation, calculate the Plant Energy Performance (PEP) with 2015-16 as the reference year. What is your inference? Given that:  The current year (2016-17 ) Annual Production – 28,750 T ,  Current year (2016-17 ) Annual Energy Consumption– 23,834 MWh,  Reference year (2015-16 ) production - 34,000 T,  Reference year (2015-16 ) Energy consumption - 27,200 MWh.

81. A manufacturing industry plans to improve its energy performance under PAT through implementation of an energy conservation scheme. After implementation, calculate the Plant Energy Performance (PEP) with 2015-16 as the reference year. What is your inference? Given that:  The current year (2016-17 ) Annual Production – 34000 T ,  Current year (2016-17 ) Annual Energy Consumption– 27,200 MWh,  Reference year (2015-16 ) production - 28,750 T,  Reference year (2015-16 ) Energy consumption - 23,834MWh.

82. a) List at least two factors affecting external energy bench marking of energy intensive processes. (2 Marks) b) Compute the plant energy performance of a brewery unit for the current year based on the following data (3 Marks): Reference year - Production Level 1,00,000 Barrels, Gross energy for the production level 35 Trillion Joules; Current year - Production Level 1,10,000 Barrels, Gross energy for the production level 38 Trillion Joules.

83. a) List three types of performance contracting offered by ESCO and state the differences of each type. (3 Marks) b) What is the need for normalizing data, while establishing baseline energy use? (2 Marks)

84. Explain the concept of fuel substitution with three examples. (5 Marks)

85. Match the following: A. Fyrite; B. Combustion gas analyser; C. Psychrometer; D. Stroboscope; E. Ultrasonic Flowmeter - with 1. CO2; 2. CO; 3. Wet bulb temperature; 4. Speed; 5. Transit time. (5 Marks)

86. Calculate the production factor and plant Energy performance from the below mentioned data and comment on the result. Reference year energy consumption = 10 Million kcal; Reference year production = 90,000 MT; Current year energy consumption = 8 Million kcal; Current year production = 70,000 MT. (5 Marks)

87. a) Name three factors influencing external energy benchmarking. (3 Marks) b) List two energy benchmarking parameters. (2 Marks)

88. a) Write down the parameters which can be measured by the following instruments: Stroboscope, Sling Psychrometer, Fyrite, Pitot Tube. b) An electric resistive heater consumes 3.6 MJ when connected to a 200 V supply for one hour. Find the rating of the heater and the current drawn from the supply. (5 Marks)

1. Describe in detail the methodology for conducting a detailed energy audit, covering the three phases and the ten-step approach.

2. Describe the common instruments used in an energy audit and state the parameter each one measures.

3. Define energy management. State its fundamental goal, objectives and the essentials for successful energy management.

4. Explain the different types of energy audit. Bring out the major differences between a preliminary energy audit and a detailed energy audit.

5. What is energy benchmarking? Explain its approaches, the metric used, external benchmarking factors, and give examples of benchmark (specific energy consumption) parameters.

6. An Energy Manager gathered the following data: Reference Year (2009) energy use = 12 million kcal; Production Factor for the current year (2010) = 0.9; Current year's energy = 11 million kcal. Compute the Plant Energy Performance (PEP) for 2010 and state your inference.

7. Explain the following: (i) Production factor (ii) Reference Year Equivalent (iii) Plant Energy Performance.

8. Write short notes on: (i) Psychrometer (ii) Infrared thermometer (iii) Stroboscope (iv) Pitot tube.

9. How are Energy Conservation (ENCON) opportunities identified and evaluated in a detailed energy audit? Explain their technical/economic feasibility and how ENCON measures are classified and prioritised.

10. Explain fuel substitution and energy substitution with examples, and illustrate the economics with a case study of replacing a furnace-oil thermic fluid heater by an agro-fuel fired heater.

11. Describe the structure and contents of a detailed energy audit report.

12. Under the BEE (Manner and Intervals of Time for Conduct of Energy Audit) Regulations, 2008, state the intervals for conducting energy audits and describe the manner in which an accredited energy auditor conducts the audit and prepares the report.

13. What are the areas to be focused on during the pre-audit phase of a detailed energy audit? Describe the actions of the energy auditor during the initial site visit.

14. Explain the need for an energy audit and discuss 'understanding energy costs', including the factors governing fuel costs and power costs.

15. Explain, with examples, the strategies of (a) matching energy use to requirement, (b) maximizing system efficiencies, and (c) optimizing input energy requirements.

16. A foundry runs an induction furnace of 5 t/hr capacity with specific electrical energy 620 kWh/t of liquid metal and casting yield 60%. A heat-treatment oil-fired furnace consumes 75 kg fuel oil per tonne of castings (GCV 10,000 kcal/kg). Auxiliary connected load 50 kW; transformer efficiency 98%; castings 45 t/day, continuous operation. (a) Find the total energy consumption per tonne of finished product as oil equivalent (kg oil/t). (b) For an additional order of 30 t/day, assess whether the plant can handle the extra demand.

17. An integrated paper plant produced 119,366 MT of paper during 2012-13 (reference year) at a specific energy consumption of 53 GJ/tonne. Energy conservation measures under the PAT scheme reduced the SEC to 50 GJ/tonne. Actual production in the assessment year (2014-15) was 124,141 MT. Calculate the plant energy performance and state your inference. (10 marks)

18. A) Briefly explain the following terms with respect to energy management? I. Normalizing II. Benchmarking B) Explain the meaning of Fuel and Energy substitution with examples.

19. Answer the following Chose the correct S. No Statement answer OR Fill-in-the-blanks 1 Fyrite measures CO2, O2 and SO2 True/False 2 Ultrasonic Flow Meter uses the principle of____& ____ Fill in the blanks Non Contact Infrared Thermometer cannot measure 3 True/False temperature of objects placed in hazardous places To measure the RPM of a Flywheel, ______ type of RPM 4 meter is used and for a visible shaft-end _______ type of Fill in the blanks RPM meter is used. In a switch yard, _____ instrument is used to identify the 5 Fill in the blanks loose joints and terminations Every Designated Consumer shall have its first energy audit conducted by ________ Energy Auditor within 6 Fill in the blanks Government 280 kcal/ hr is equivalent to _____Watts and 3.5 bar is 7 Fill in the blanks equivalent to __________kPa 8 One metric ton of oil equivalent is to ________MW Fill in the blanks 1 kg of Coal, consisting of 30% of Carbon produces 9 Fill in the blanks In a gasification system the reduction zone is above the 10 True/False combustion zone

20. Answer the following Chose the correct S. No Statement answer OR Fill-in-the-blanks 1 Fyrite measures CO2, O2 and SO2 True/False 2 Ultrasonic Flow Meter uses the principle of____& ____ Fill in the blanks Non Contact Infrared Thermometer can measure 3 True/False temperature of objects placed in hazardous places To measure the RPM of a visible shaft-end, ______ type 4 Fill in the blanks of RPM meter is used and for a Flywheel _______ type of RPM meter is used. In a switch yard, thermal imager instrument is used to 5 True/False identify the loose joints and terminations Every Designated Consumer shall have its first energy audit conducted by ________ Energy Auditor within 6 Fill in the blanks Government 380 kcal/ hr is equivalent to _____Watts and 4.5 bar is 7 Fill in the blanks equivalent to __________kPa 8 1.5 metric ton of oil equivalent is to ________MW Fill in the blanks 1 kg of Coal, consisting of 35% of Carbon produces 9 Fill in the blanks In a gasification system the reduction zone is below the 10 True/False combustion zone

21. Write short note on any two of the following. (Each 5 Marks) a) Benchmarking b) DSM c) TPM

22. Match the following: 1. Biomass; 2. CNG; 3. HVDS; 4. Cement; 5. Combustion; 6. Energy Balance; 7. kWh/ton of product; 8. Objectives, targets & action plans; 9. Performance Contracting; 10. Surface Heat Loss — with: a. Radiation; b. Distribution Loss Reduction; c. Oxidation; d. Sankey Diagram; e. ISO 50001; f. Designated consumer; g. Transport; h. Carbon neutral; i. Benchmarking; j. ESCO (Each 1 Mark)

23. a) List down any five energy audit instruments and parameters they are used to measure. (5 Marks) b) List five energy security measures. (5 Marks)